Asymmetric Stripline. Using the KiCad Impedance Calculator. – Avoid serpentining one side of the differential pair to match skew. differential etching on the track resulting in a track cross-section which is trapezoidal[1]. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. Hi folks I’ve just emerged from a rabbit hole & thought I’d share what I learned regarding available impedance calculators for coplanar waveguide (CPW) and coplanar waveguide w/GND (GCPW). The structure on the left is called a hairpin filter and is an example of a band-pass filter. Creating and Configuring an Impedance Profile. Technical Consultant Zach Peterson explores a viewer question surrounding Coplanar Routing, specifically how to route on a single-layer board. The PCB trace width and the spacing to the grounded copper regions need to be designed to set the designed impedance to the desired value. Now, such 2D models can quickly compute the impedance of the CPW, and give you an idea of the relative field magnitudes in the. I created coplanar waveguide on the same layer as the differential pair to serve as a coupling for the diff pair. Enter the relative permitivity, width of the trace, the ground plane spacing, and the substrate thickness to calculate the characteristic impedance. 3. Radio Frequency Engineering Calculator. Single Ended: Displays single ended analysis results for both single-ended and differential pair nets. This makes the problem of determining impedance much more complex, and building an initial lossless model requires a larger set of formulas. 9. Z0,air Z 0, a i r = characteristic impedance of air. This calculator helps translating the color bars from the resistor to its value. More importantly, it can provide extremely high frequency response (100 GHz or more) since connecting to CPW does not entail any parasitic discontinuities in the ground plane. Version 6. Differential Pair Termination. The distance between one differential pair and an adjacent differential pair for high-speed signals. Characteristic impedance. Conductor is assumed to have zero thickness and to be uniformly spaced between the ground planes. Coplanar waveguides are open quasi-TEM waveguide geometries that use copper pour and a ground plane to provide shielding along the length of a PCB trace. Differential pairs can be viewed and managed in the Differential Pair Editor. Use an online differential stripline impedance calculator Calculating Differential vs. Click here to see the user guide of our. They offer different approaches to laying out the circuit and, also, the choice of PCB material for a circuit design can have an impact on the final performance possible with each circuit technology. The differential pair is all about balance. 如何利用Q2D計算共面差分帶對的差分阻抗視頻顯示了使用Q2D計算共面差分帶對的流程The video shows the flow to calculate coplanar. PCB Coplanar Waveguide Calculator RF PCBs can be complex boards that need careful interconnect design and. The odd mode impedance is the impedance of one transmission line when the pair is driven differentially. Differential Stripline Impedance Calculator. High speed PCBs and signaling standards almost entirely use differential pairs with precise impedance. • Minimize intra-pair and inter-pair skew. The classic coplanar waveguide (CPW) is formed by a microstrip conductor strip separated from a pair of ground plane pours, all on the same layer, affixed to a dielectric medium. Since this is the flex board it is very thin 8 mills total thickness, those it is difficult to create required hight to the reference plane. D_P and D_N) KiCad looks for these suffix pairs when using the differential pair routing tool during PCB layout. INPUT DATA. The impedance of the structure is the ratio of the voltage between, and the current in, the conductors. infinite mutual impedance. i know that i can use the differential pair rooting tool. 254mm. How the composite structure of FR4 effects the prediction of impedance. Four important design rules to consider for differential pairs are: Impedance tolerance. For most high-speed signals, you are actually working with differential pairs, so you are designing to an odd-mode/differential impedance. Impedance Calculation. H 2 H 2 = subtrate height 2. 30967mm) is slightly larger the size of the smallest pad (0. This calculator is designed to find the characteristic impedance of an asymmetric stripline - a flat conductor between two ground planes. A two part calculator which gives ideal and preferred value resistors, showing most formulas used and a link to the others. 5,Z0=75); show (txem)differential pair Broadside coupled non-shielded differential pair PCB Padstack Calculator Calculates the outer and inner layer diameters of a padstack given the drill size. mm mils. The stripline impedance calculator provided below is useful for gaining an initial estimate of trace impedance for striplines. Conductor = metal ( "Gold" ); Design the coplanar waveguide at a frequency of 3 GHz, line length of 0. Signal layer. While you can theoretically connect up to 32 devices (or even more by using an RS-485 repeater), the actual number of nodes will depend on the chosen communication speed or baud rate. Development Kits. The PCB board also affects the circuit’s impedance. , in x-y plane) is scaled by an amount M(u,v) in the mapped domain (i. 30967mm) is slightly larger the size of the smallest pad (0. ) Example structures are shown below. Understanding Coplanar Waveguide with Ground. FR4 is a composite material, in most cases its a good approximation to assume a dielectric constant Er of 4. The tool automatically chooses the type of board construction based on material selected and is linked to our 2D field solver-based impedance calculator which allows you to design any controlled impedance traces. This is the first Impedance Calculator/Stackup Planner that allows the user to setup as many different impedances as you like on the one layer or every layer of the stackup. 1) Make sure you have half the differential impedance between the individual traces and the reference plane below. We usually use stitch pattern of 0. Working with coplanar structures: As with the standard single and differential impedances, values for each variable are automatically calculated based on the user-defined Target Impedance and Target Tolerance. Grounded Differential Coplanar Wave Guide. 1 has six signal layers, but only has one pair of. Trace Width. But a coplanar ground design will do no harm there either. Trace Thickness. 6mm spacing with a trace width of 0. The other metrics used to describe transmission line impedance depend on the relative arrangement of two transmission lines. Zeven: This is the even-mode impedance of the differential pair. Hence calculating impedance can be pretty tedious. Coplanar waveguide is a type of electrical planar transmission line which can be fabricated using printed circuit board technology, and is used to convey microwave-frequency signals. 2. Thickness: Thickness of the stripline conductor. 4. 81. Figure 2. Just as important as determining an appropriate. How to Calculate the Impedance of a Circuit. 2 High-Speed Signal Trace Lengths. Simons, "Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems", Wiley. The iCD Stackup Planner is the first controlled impedance tool to enable field solver computation of multiple differential pair definitions per layer. For example, a single 0. An asymmetric stripline is constructed between two plane layers, where the distance above the trace is not equal to the distance below. Differential Pair Impedance (Z_diff) = (2 × Z_single) / sqrt (1 + (2d / s)) Where: Differential Pair Impedance (Z_diff) represents the characteristic impedance of the differential. 05. The microstrip impedance represents the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line, which is the uniform impedance provided by the uniform cross-sectional dimensions along the microstrip (flat copper conductor) length; to prevent signal reflection. 393 mm, the required trace width for this particular inductance value is w = 0. I believe the 100-ohm differential equates to 50-ohm single ended because you can think of the two 100-ohm impedances as being in parallel resulting in an effective 50-ohm single-ended equivalence. Grounded Differential Coplanar Waveguide Calculator Width (W) in micrometers: Gap (G) in micrometers: Height (H) in micrometers: Substrate Height (Hs). There is also a dielectric material placed above the conductor. 15 mm spacing. These are precisely the characteristics of a pair of lines to be designated as a differential pair. While there is no fixed price for hemming pants, the typical cost range is between $10 and $60 or more. Impedance calculator for conductor-backed edge coupled coplanar waveguides A simple and very efficient calculator of a differential pair impedance in a specific scenario, shown in ascii-art below. To calculate a 9-hole score differential, golfers should use their usual playing conditions (UPC), which take into account factors like wind, course conditions, and tee placements. The trace width (0. Microstrip differential pair routing: This technique is used for routing differential pairs and has the same arrangement as regular microstrip routing,. The perforated regions above and below are not transmission. We’ll go over how differential pairs can hel. AC coupling capacitors can be positioned anywhere throughout the differential pair’s length. To calculate geometry for 90OHMs Differential pairs routed on 2 layer PCB (Differential impedance of Microstrips) you need to know: width of the traces, space (gap) between the traces, height of dielectric above return plane, trace thickness and relative permittivity of the dielectric. Press Analyze to see the results. Users need only specify the material properties for. Figure 1. Spread the loveThe inductance of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is influenced by its geometry, including the width of the center conductor, the spacing between the conductor and the ground planes, and the substrate properties. Figure 1. The even mode impedance is simply the impedance of a single line when the two lines are driven. Multipin Port Overview A multipin waveguide is characterized by having more than two conductors (e. Your idea of crisscrossing traces to create a "twisted" pair is intriguing, but I suspect it will cause you more headaches: 1) signal reflections at each via 2) every buried via is a potential defect point for board manufacturing. I am trying to design a CAN bus node. I have no luck finding an asymmetric differential stripline impedance calculator online. com is an international Electronics Discussion Forum focused on EDA software, circuits, schematics, books, theory, papers, asic, pld, 8051, DSP, Network, RF, Analog Design, PCB, Service Manuals. , PCIe Gen 2 and Gen 3) also use a different value for differential pair. Be sure to check our download area for stuff we couldn't fit into a simple HTML calculator. The lower ground can be used for heat sinking purposes while providing mechanical support and preventing the fields from coupling to interconnects on lower circuit layers [3], [4]. Thus a. To explore the differential pair transmission line results, nominate the calculated variable - either the Trace Width or Trace Gap - by clicking the appropriate . Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. where Z 0,surf can be computed as specified in Eq. Altium Designer’s differential line impedance calculator will set up your impedance-controlled differential pair routing widths for you. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. An impedance table should also be included in the fab drawing. The single-ended channel has 58. 3 as fr4 material with 1. Conductors are. 4. Simultaneous Switching Noise Guidelines. More importantly, it can provide extremely high frequency response (100 GHz or more) since connecting to CPW does not entail any parasitic discontinuities in the ground plane. 3. so i have had a look at a App-Note of the PHY chip: it contains a lot of good information - and for me its clear i have to do a differential pair for the TX+/TX- and RX+/RX- traces. Differential pairs can be added manually or through the Differential Pair Rule Wizard or created from nets. Using typical values of W= 9 mil, H= 24 mil, T = 1. In microstrip lines, coplanar striplines, and slotlines, electric and magnetic fields are distributed in the dielectric substrate and air. For differential pairs, there is also a spacing value given. There are some advantages to using a microstrip transmission line over other alternatives. pair impedance with predifined traces’ gap. 3 Coplanar transmission line Coplanar lines are shielded by copper planes on the same layer. Such a stripline is constructed with two traces referenced to the same reference planes above and below the traces with a dielectric material between them. Verified with Agilent LineCalc and Agilent Momentum simulations. temperature rise and is. 0 of permitivity) at. Everything you need to design. 1 to 2. Make sure the correct Layer is selected before changing this option. A good Zs is typically below 0. To calculate the impedance, I use Saturn PCB impedance calculator software, Inc - PCB Toolkit V8. If you need to use differential pairs, you simply define traces in each layer as differential pairs and the impedance calculator will determine the correct spacing between traces. coplanar stripline, the width of the coplanar strips can be varied to control resonance. EDAboard. Although there are plenty of free impedance calculators out there, I'm struggling to find one that can solve impedances for a differential pair using coplanar waveguide. On the other hand, using the JLCPCB impedance calculation tool (which always solves for track width), I get a width of 0. So, to calculate the differential impedance of Figure 1, simply calculate the impedance of Figure 3, and double it. Units Conversion Data. A mistake was made when designing a set of mother and daughter PCBs, resulting the daughter board to have its LVDS pairs at ~100Ω differential impedance, while the motherboard ~90Ω. Speedstack PCB stackup design tool is a packaged combination of the Si8000m field solving impedance calculator and the Speedstack professional layer PCB stackup design system. 5. Note that the y-axis is on a logarithmic scale for clarity. Registration is free. calculate the surface impedance instead of using scaled surface impedance. Ohm’s Law provides the framework for solving network analysis problems; when the curtain gets pulled back, Ohm’s Law updates to become the relationship between voltage, current, and impedance, not resistance. Grounded Differential Coplanar Wave Guide. The cross section of the coplanar waveguide is illustrated in the image above. 25. 1. Spread the loveEarth Fault Loop Impedance (Zs) measures the resistance encountered by fault current during a ground fault in an electrical circuit. 1<S/H<3. 1702mm. To find the equation of a line with two ordered pairs, you can use the point-slope formula: y – y₁ = m (x – x₁) Where: (x₁, y₁) is one of the ordered pairs on the line. It also ensures low impedance and the capability to tune the impedance by adjusting the spacing between the ground layer and the signal conductor. PDN Design Tool 1. Layers: Total number of copper layers in the board. e. The bottom line is, study carefully, and take PCB trace impedance equations with a proper dose of. The coplanar stripline (CPS) consists of a dielectric substrate with two parallel strip conductors separated by a narrow gap. CPW consists of a central strip flanked by two metal half-planes that carry the return current. For example the etch lengths of USB 3. The characteristic impedance is given by: Eq. (dielectric constant Dk=4. The Basics of Differential Signaling. Note: The results are only for approximation and rough. Microstrip. Compare bitrate to track length and rise time. This calculator determines the impedance of a symmetric differential stripline pair. The Si8000m adds enhanced modelling to predict the finished impedance of multiple dielectric PCB builds and also takes into account the local variations in dielectric constant on close spaced differential structures. For sample: 45-46 Ohm single end traces impedance can be used in diff. When you want to determine the width and length of a microstrip line for any given characteristic impedance and electrical length, or vice versa, a microstrip calculator is the right tool to do so. Dielectric Thickness: mm. Since R and L vary with frequency, let’s take a look at the calculated values and the analytical solutions in the. If it’s not. I got the following question regarding the impedance of a grounded coplanar waveguide(gcw) and microstrip as shown in the image attached: If I increase the spacing w in the gcw to large values I am expecting getting a similar impedance results for the microstrip if the other parameters remain the same since both geometries equalise. You can make your own spread sheet using formulas provided by Wedell's book "Transmission Line Design Handbook" page 196, 197, 198 (attached)Differential Impedance Ω. They should have polar si to calculate it and the vast majority of people and even many companies don't have it. dear friends I want to route 100 ohm differential pairs of LAN on two layer pcb ( 1. The stackup on the left side of Figure 2. 1. Height: Height of the substrate. 3. 3mm of the microcontroller), therefore i rounded the width to 0. Due to the parasitic capacitance provided by the. Track Thickness: mm. 36 mm substrate, has an impedance to ground, unbalanced, of about 49 ohms. Technical Consultant Zach Peterson explores a viewer question surrounding Coplanar Routing, specifically how to route on a single-layer board. There is only one method I am aware of that gives any level of accuracy for differential via impedance calculations, and it starts from a calculation of the propagation delay through a pair of differential vias. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. GEGCalculators. We recommend the software from Polar Instruments if you want to get exact impedance calculation. It’s a three-in-one. Maximum near end channel to channel cross talk for 100 Ohm, 5 mil wide differential pairs, as the channel to channel edge spacing increases. The Layer Stack Manager's impedance calculator uses the Wideband Debye model, with a default frequency value of 1 GHz. Combined Single-ended and Differential Impedance. The concept of driving the conductors as a differential pair implies the presence of a zero voltage ground. From it, apart from making all traces the same length from camera sensor to cable connector, I believe the rules I need to follow are: Differential impedance of 100 Ohm. One of the features of this type of microstrip is the coupling between lines. Hence, without loss of generality, one. The calculator shows 90 ohms can be achieved using. So I think both needs to be matched if you want to work at rated high frequency. Create a coplanar waveguide transmission line using a gold substrate as the dielectric. Single Ended Impedance Ω. is the most critical in this regard. 4 ohms (microstrip) or 61. 35 ohms for industrial setups. 1 Answer. PCB Coplanar Waveguide Calculator RF PCBs can be complex boards that need. It is important to determine the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable because this impedance should match the. Power Filtering/Distribution x. 1mm). Given the constrain of comparing the same differential impedance and the same line width, loosely coupled differential pairs have less cross talk. 5. COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE WITH GND IMPEDANCE CALCULATOR - Create the ideal trace for your antenna. It can vary widely depending on these factors but is typically in the range of a few picohenries per millimeter. Excessive Zs can pose safety risks, while too low Zs may cause tripping issues. Table 1-1. 4 Edge Coupled Differential Stripline Edge coupled differential striplines are differential pairs which are routed on 1 layers. This applies to generalized S. For LVDS that would be 50R trace impedance. with the following layout parameters (width|space|width): Ohm. (FDTIM). For my results, I find that the minimum inductance is 292 nH per meter when ( w/h) = 1. Single-ended impedance of 50 Ohm. By understanding the microstrip transmission line, designers can. All your PCB design, data management and collaboration needs can now. 6mm (4L-01) When using our free Defined layer buildup 4L-01, you will reach the desired impedances e. An input voltage between the two gate terminals produces an output current in the drain terminals. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. Enter the relative permitivity, width of the trace, the ground plane spacing, and the substrate thickness to calculate the characteristic impedance. Although the differential impedance will change with temperature, it will be tiny (the impedance goes down with decreasing temperature). Let’s look closely at these two situations and how the structure of a via/pad + antipad can lead to signal integrity problems. 5. Fabricators give trace impedance tables as guides to designers that need to implement controlled impedance in their PCBs. Note: valid for (w/h) from 0. If the width of the trace is two times the height of the dielectric (for FR4, Dk from 4 to 4. The lateral dimensions, however, are well controlled being photolithographically defined and then etched. Although its not shown since I haven't done the copper pour yet (or the via fence), these tx lines are grounded coplanar waveguides with width 0. To use this tool, enter the values for. Impedance (Ω): The desired impedance. 92445. Select the dimension unit of the stripline: mm mils. g. 3 as fr4 material with 1. Calculation tip for defined Z 0 as well as Z Diff. txem = coplanarWaveguide; txem. php 12064 Bytes 26-05-2021 05:38:25 Coplanar Waveguide Impedance Calculator ( Bottom layer as well as adjacent copper is ground )Ideally the traces in the differential pair only interact with each other, as another answer said. High-speed designs carry a requirement for controlled impedance, crosstalk control, and the need for interplane capacitance. When examining coupled transmission lines for common-mode or differential driving, you either have to source two separate TDR/TDT signals on the two lines simultaneously, or you have to measure the even/odd mode impedances. W W = trace width. The questions are mostly on the inner layer differential impedance item [4] below. While commonly constructed using printed circuit boards, this structure can also be built using other materials as long as there is a conductor separated from. One: A quick solving calculator lets you seek a target impedance by varying any one parameter, it could be line width, stack height or Er; you choose the variable and set the goal seek – you can even set realistic targets for your own production limits. 6 mil "measured copper top to bottom" er of FR4 = 4. This method is used by the PDN Decoupling Calculator Tool and is the recommended method for determining the board-level decoupling. We have had 25Gbps differential pairs that had no via stitching at. via stitching helps in coplanar waveguide designs. 2. An embedded microstrip is a microstrip transmission line or flat conductor separated from the ground place via a dielectric material. For Dk = 3 to about Dk = 4, the frequency range where controlled impedance will be needed is slightly above about 3-5 GHz (see the. Antipads on vias are precisely sized to hit a target impedance at high frequencies. 1. Parasitics affect signals in two ways: Skew in differential pairs: Parasitics (mostly capacitance) on one line will decrease the signal velocity relative to the other line, causing excess skew. Edge-Coupled Microstrip. ) (The difference between W1 and W2 is based on etch factor. 5 mm, trace width W = 0. They are very simple to read, and the. Stripline construction usually does not require ground stitching, sometimes it's better no having vias around. Here is a problem, I am simulating a grounded coplanar waveguide with width of 0. For the latest, read: Configuring the Layer Stack for Controlled Impedance Routing for version 4. Coplanar Wave Guides 5. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of coplanar waveguide with ground or microstrip lines with signal side ground plane can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. It is okay to specify the single-ended impedance for each differential pair member. Agilent's LineCalc tool calculates Z odd = 50. KiCad has a built-in impedance calculator!You can calculate the characteristic impedance of the differential pair using an online calculator, a dedicated transmission line calculator like Polar, or a 2-1/2 or 3-D EM simulator like Ansys or HFSS. . Use a 2D field solver to do this (The best free tool I have found is TNT). Although the geometry of a PCB layout may be complex, the routing features in ECAD. How to Determine Impedance? Impedance is usually between 25 to 125 ohms in a trace, depending largely on the following factors: The width and thickness of a copper trace;. enough distance that the coplanar copper that far away can be ignored. Addedreference impedance (100 Ω for differential, 50 Ω for single-end). , typically 100 Ω). Simultaneous Switching Noise Guidelines. With t = 35 um (typical for copper with plating on a pcb), Z odd drops to 44 ohms, according to LineCalc. Their hardware design guideline said the traces between the USB and the termination resistors should have a differential impedance of 90 ohms. The calculator below uses Wadell’s. Same Differential Pair - constraint is applied between any two primitive objects belonging to the different nets in the same differential pair (e. Differential Pair Impedance Calculator Calculates the differential pair impedance of a balanced line. 3mm of the microcontroller), therefore i rounded the width to 0. We can then use the familiar P = I_0^2R/2 to calculate the resistance. 0 and still meet the impedance spec. The differential pairs should be loosely coupled. For the LVDS and LVPECL standard, the termination resistor should match the differential load impedance of the bus (i. The structure on the right is a stub filter and is a low-pass filter. A differential pair of microstrip transmission lines exhibit even- and odd-mode propagation characteristics, with the even-mode electromagnetic (EM) fields propagating through the PCB substrate material while the odd-mode EM fields propagate through the substrate material as well as the air above the substrate. One of the features of this type of microstrip is the coupling between lines. Differential Pair Termination. The surface finish is neglected. A pair of lines can be modeled as follows: Differential pair line. Microstrip impedance calculator. The distance between one differential pair and an adjacent differential pair for high-speed signals shouldn't be less than five times the trace's width (5W). Fourteen new coplanar differential models have grown the library to 39 structures at introduction, with more to come. 6 ohms and Z even = 110 ohms for your geometry, very close to your result. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. The calculator is set up to handle an asymmetric arrangement, where traces are not centrally located in the PCB layer stack. 1524mm (I've used this for the differential spacing after the caps as well). The idea here is to determine the spacing required for a given width with the goal of hitting a specific differential impedance value. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a broadside couple stripline (see diagram below). If another unrelated line at the lower layer is driven, it produces 12% crosstalk to the lower line, but 1% crosstalk to the upper line. The same situation occurs in a coplanar differential pair on the same layer. Input Your Specs to Get Started. The Si8000m and Si9000e Differential Without Ground Structures models are primarily aimed at low layer count stackups commonly used in the. Learn. A Trace Length Calculator for Differential Pairs and Nets. Plane cross-overs and broadside coupling review PDN analysis - minimizes AC impedance. With t = 35 um (typical for copper with plating on a pcb), Z odd drops to 44 ohms, according to LineCalc. Therefore i tried using this paper to calculate a characteristic impedance of 60Ohm for a coplanar strip attaching the CAN-Transceiver to a Twisted Pair cable, the CAN bus medium. Coplanar structure; Units Conversion Data. Simultaneous Switching Noise Guidelines. The PCB Impedance Calculator in Altium Designer. With PCBWay impedance calculator, you can calculate the approximate impedance of your PCB / high frequency circuit board. The trace width (0. Propagation delay mismatches in different nets are notorious for producing signal synchronization problems. This arrangement of the grounded coplanar waveguide helps contain the electromagnetic field between the signal strip and the lower ground plane. I'm creating a design where I convert an RF single-ended signal to a differential signal with a 5400BL15B050E RF balun that is then fed to a ADL5802 RF mixer. When the differential pair or coplanar waveguide is designed with very close spacings, almost all the electric field occurs in the horizontal gap between the traces. A twisted-pair cable is simply two wires that are twisted together so as to reduce radiated EMI (electromagnetic interference) and mitigate the effects of received EMI. All users and their team members can collaborate efficiently on advanced electronics designs through the Altium 365™ platform. The CAN bus shall be split-terminated with 120Ohm, 60Ohm for each line. Impedance Calculator TRY TOOL . First, consider a microstrip. 1,235. Normal (single row) header stock is typically very similar to ribbon cable, i. There is no closed-form equation like equation (4) for surface or embedded microstrip of any track thickness. I am routing differential pairs in Altium 20 and using controlled impedance profiles. 8. Figure 4. The distance between the differential pair should be decided as per the stack-up design. To find the impedance of a capacitor (Zc) and an inductor (Zl) in an AC circuit, you use the following formulas: For the capacitor: Zc = 1 / (2πfC) For the inductor: Zl = 2πfL Where f is the frequency, C is the capacitance, and L is the inductance.